Fix Illegal/Mismatched Collation Issue

1. Log in to phpMyAdmin

   • Open your web browser and navigate to your phpMyAdmin URL.
   • Enter your username and password to log in.

2. Select the VLSM database

   • On the left-hand side of the phpMyAdmin interface, locate and click on the vlsm database.

3. Go to the "Operations" tab

   • Click on the "Operations" tab at the top of the page.

4. Locate the "Collation" section

   • Scroll down to the "Collation" section on the "Operations" page.

5. Select the desired collation

   • In the "Collation" dropdown menu, choose the utf8mb4_general_ci collation.

6. Check the options to change collation

   • Check the checkbox next to "Change all tables collations" to apply the selected collation to all tables in the database.
   • Check the checkbox next to "Change all tables columns collations" to apply the selected collation to all columns within all tables in the database.

7. Apply the changes

   • Click the "Go" button to execute the collation change for all tables and columns in the database.

8. Wait for the process to complete

   • phpMyAdmin will now apply the selected collation to all tables and columns in the database.
   • Wait for the process to finish. The time taken may vary depending on the size of the database.